To learn more about the map elements, please download the "Pan-European strategy for genetic conservation of forest trees"
This distribution map has been developed by the European Commission Joint Research Centre (partly based on the EUFORGEN map) and released under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY 4.0)
Caudullo, G., Welk, E., San-Miguel-Ayanz, J., 2017. Chorological maps for the main European woody species. Data in Brief 12, 662-666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.05.007
The following experts have contributed to the development of the EUFORGEN distribution maps:
Fazia Krouchi (Algeria), Hasmik Ghalachyan (Armenia), Thomas Geburek (Austria), Berthold Heinze (Austria), Rudi Litschauer (Austria), Rudolf Litschauer (Austria), Michael Mengl (Austria), Ferdinand Müller (Austria), Franz Starlinger (Austria), Valida Ali-zade (Azerbaijan), Vahid Djalal Hajiyev (Azerbaijan), Karen Cox (Belgium), Bart De Cuyper (Belgium), Olivier Desteucq (Belgium), Patrick Mertens (Belgium), Jos Van Slycken (Belgium), An Vanden Broeck (Belgium), Kristine Vander Mijnsbrugge (Belgium), Dalibor Ballian (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Alexander H. Alexandrov (Bulgaria), Alexander Delkov (Bulgaria), Ivanova Denitsa Pandeva (Bulgaria), Peter Zhelev Stoyanov (Bulgaria), Joso Gracan (Croatia), Marilena Idzojtic (Croatia), Mladen Ivankovic (Croatia), Željka Ivanović (Croatia), Davorin Kajba (Croatia), Hrvoje Marjanovic (Croatia), Sanja Peric (Croatia), Andreas Christou (Cyprus), Xenophon Hadjikyriacou (Cyprus), Václav Buriánek (Czech Republic), Jan Chládek (Czech Republic), Josef Frýdl (Czech Republic), Petr Novotný (Czech Republic), Martin Slovacek (Czech Republic), Zdenek Špišek (Czech Republic), Karel Vancura (Czech Republic), Ulrik Bräuner (Denmark), Bjerne Ditlevsen (Denmark), Jon Kehlet Hansen (Denmark), Jan Svejgaard Jensen (Denmark), Kalev Jðgiste (Estonia), Tiit Maaten (Estonia), Raul Pihu (Estonia), Ülo Tamm (Estonia), Arvo Tullus (Estonia), Aivo Vares (Estonia), Teijo Nikkanen (Finland), Sanna Paanukoski (Finland), Mari Rusanen (Finland), Pekka Vakkari (Finland), Leena Yrjänä (Finland), Daniel Cambon (France), Eric Collin (France), Alexis Ducousso (France), Bruno Fady (France), François Lefèvre (France), Brigitte Musch (France), Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio (France), Luc E. Pâques (France), Julien Saudubray (France), Marc Villar (France), Vlatko Andonovski (FYR Macedonia), Dragi Pop-Stojanov (FYR Macedonia), Merab Machavariani (Georgia), Irina Tvauri (Georgia), Alexander Urushadze (Georgia), Bernd Degen (Germany), Jochen Kleinschmit (Germany), Armin König (Germany), Armin König (Germany), Volker Schneck (Germany), Richard Stephan (Germany), H. H. Kausch-Blecken Von Schmeling (Germany), Georg von Wühlisch (Germany), Iris Wagner (Germany), Heino Wolf (Germany), Paraskevi Alizoti (Greece), Filippos Aravanopoulos (Greece), Andreas Drouzas (Greece), Despina Paitaridou (Greece), Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou (Greece), Kostas Thanos (Greece), Sándor Bordács (Hungary), Csaba Mátyás (Hungary), László Nagy (Hungary), Thröstur Eysteinsson (Iceland), Adalsteinn Sigurgeirsson (Iceland), Halldór Sverrisson (Iceland), John Fennessy (Ireland), Ellen O'Connor (Ireland), Fulvio Ducci (Italy), Silvia Fineschi (Italy), Bartolomeo Schirone (Italy), Marco Cosimo Simeone (Italy), Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin (Italy), Lorenzo Vietto (Italy), Janis Birgelis (Latvia), Virgilijus Baliuckas (Lithuania), Kestutis Cesnavicius (Lithuania), Darius Danusevicius (Lithuania), Valmantas Kundrotas (Lithuania), Alfas Pliûra (Lithuania), Darius Raudonius (Lithuania), Robert du Fays (Luxembourg), Myriam Heuertz (Luxembourg), Claude Parini (Luxembourg), Fred Trossen (Luxembourg), Frank Wolter (Luxembourg), Joseph Buhagiar (Malta), Eman Calleja (Malta), Ion Palancean (Moldova), Dragos Postolache (Moldova), Gheorghe Postolache (Moldova), Hassan Sbay (Morocco), Tor Myking (Norway), Tore Skrøppa (Norway), Anna Gugala (Poland), Jan Kowalczyk (Poland), Czeslaw Koziol (Poland), Jan Matras (Poland), Zbigniew Sobierajski (Poland), Maria Helena Almeida (Portugal), Filipe Costa e Silva (Portugal), Luís Reis (Portugal), Maria Carolina Varela (Portugal), Ioan Blada (Romania), Alexandru-Lucian Curtu (Romania), Lucian Dinca (Romania), Georgeta Mihai (Romania), Mihai Olaru (Romania), Gheorghe Parnuta (Romania), Natalia Demidova (Russian Federation), Mikhail V. Pridnya (Russian Federation), Andrey Prokazin (Russian Federation), Srdjan Bojovic (Serbia) , Vasilije Isajev (Serbia), Saša Orlovic (Serbia), Rudolf Bruchánik (Slovakia), Roman Longauer (Slovakia), Ladislav Paule (Slovakia), Gregor Bozič (Slovenia), Robert Brus (Slovenia), Katarina Celič (Slovenia), Hojka Kraigher (Slovenia), Andrej Verlič (Slovenia), Marjana Westergren (Slovenia), Ricardo Alía (Spain), Josefa Fernández-López (Spain), Luis Gil Sanchez (Spain), Pablo Gonzalez Goicoechea (Spain), Santiago C. González-Martínez (Spain), Sonia Martin Albertos (Spain), Eduardo Notivol Paino (Spain), María Arantxa Prada (Spain), Alvaro Soto de Viana (Spain), Lennart Ackzell (Sweden), Jonas Bergquist (Sweden), Sanna Black-Samuelsson (Sweden), Jonas Cedergren (Sweden), Gösta Eriksson (Sweden), Markus Bolliger (Switzerland), Felix Gugerli (Switzerland), Rolf Holderegger (Switzerland), Peter Rotach (Switzerland), Marcus Ulber (Switzerland), Sven M.G. de Vries (The Netherlands), Khouja Mohamed Larbi (Tunisia), Murat Alan (Turkey), Gaye Kandemir (Turkey), Gursel Karagöz (Turkey), Zeki Kaya (Turkey), Hasan Özer (Turkey), Hacer Semerci (Turkey), Ferit Toplu (Turkey), Mykola M. Vedmid (Ukraine), Roman T. Volosyanchuk (Ukraine), Stuart A'Hara (United Kingdom), Joan Cottrell (United Kingdom), Colin Edwards (United Kingdom), Michael Frankis (United Kingdom), Jason Hubert (United Kingdom), Karen Russell (United Kingdom), C.J.A. Samuel (United Kingdom).
Status of Cornus mas conservation in Europe
Cornelian cherry has a high level of polymorphism among different accessions, and Turkish populations have also been shown to have high genetic diversity (Morozowska, Gawronska, and Woznicka, 2013). Up to 68% of genetic diversity in cornelian cherry is within populations (Morozowska, Gawronska, and Woznicka, 2013). Research has shown both clustering of cornelian cherry genetic diversity into two clades and significant genetic differentiation across Europe (Ercisli et al., 2008; Wadl et al., 2014). Genetically differentiated populations and divergent genotypes will be useful for future breeding programmes of cornelian cherry (Ercisli et al., 2008).
The bibliographic review was conducted by James Chaplin of the EUFORGEN Secretariat in August 2024.
Cornelian cherry is closely related to Japanese cornelian cherry (Cornus officinalis), Chinese dogwood (Cornus chinensis), and Cornus eydeana and hybridization and introgression between these species can occur (Morozowska, Gawronska, and Woznicka., 2013; Wadl et al., 2014). Hybrids between cornelian cherry and Japanese cornelian cherry have an intermediate appearance; however, their traits can vary significantly from their parents, making taxonomic identification and status unclear (Morozowska, Gawronska, and Woznicka., 2013). Hybrids between cornelian cherry and Japanese cornelian cherry are more genetically like cornelian cherry (Morozowska, Gawronska, and Woznicka, 2013).
Cornelian cherries are commercially valuable for food, medicinal, and ornamental purposes. They are also rarely attacked by pests and diseases and are winter-hardy and drought resistant (Klimenko, 2004). Cornelian cherries are slow growing and long-lived, and the fruits were originally gathered from the wild. However, habitat erosion has meant that it has become harder and harder to meet the demand for the fruit (Klimenko, 2004; Wadl et al., 2014). Recently, cornelian cherry has undergone systematic collection, selection, and breeding in many countries from Germany to Türkiye (Klimenko, 2004; Bijelić et al., 2011). Long-term selection and seed propagation has increased the diversity of cornelian cherry and significantly altered its genetic distribution, homogenising populations and creating new cultivars (Wadl et al., 2014). New cultivars are being developed in many countries and are often selected based on fruit characteristics, including size and shape (Bijelić et al., 2011; Wadl et al., 2014). Cornelian cherry genotypes have high biological and economic potential, containing material for further selection and breeding with high variation in fruit and stone weights (Bijelić et al., 2011).
The bibliographic review was conducted by James Chaplin of the EUFORGEN Secretariat in August 2024.
Large collections of cornelian cherry genotypes and cultivars, including hybrids, are held in Kyiv by the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences (Klimenko, 2004). Breeding of the cornelian cherry will require preservation of its existing genetic material to produce productive varieties suited to the needs of commercial growers and amateur gardeners (Klimenko, 2004; Bijelić et al., 2011). Efficient propagation and techniques for vegetative propagation have already been developed for the species.
The bibliographic review was conducted by James Chaplin of the EUFORGEN Secretariat in August 2024.
Genetic Characterisation of Cornus mas and its GCUs
Availability of FRM
FOREMATIS
Contacts of experts
NA
Further reading
Sochor, J., Jurikova, T., Ercisli, S., Mlcek, J., Baron, M., Balla, S., Yilmaz, S.O., and Necas, T. 2014. Characterization of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes - genetic resources for food production in Czech Republic. Genetika, 46(3): 915–924.
References
Bijelić, S., Gološin, B., Todorović, J.N., and Cerović, S. 2011. Morphological characteristics of best Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes selected in Serbia. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 58: 689–695.
Ercisli, S., Orhan, E., Esitken, A., Yildirim, N., and Agar, G. 2008. Relationships among some cornelian cherry genotypes (Cornus mas L.) based on RAPD analysis. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55: 613–618.
Klimenko, S. 2004. The cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.): collection, preservation, and utilization of genetic resources. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 12: 93–98.
Morozowska, M., Gawronska, B., and Woznicka, A. 2013. Morphological, anatomical and genetic differentiation of Cornus mas, Cornus officinalis and their interspecific hybrid. Dendrobiology, 70: 45–57.
Wadl, P.A., Szyp-Borowska, I., Piórecki, N., Schlarbaum, S.E., Scheffler, B.E., and Trigiano, R.N. 2014. Development of microsatellites from Cornus mas L. (Cornaceae) and characterization of genetic diversity of cornelian cherries from China, central Europe, and the United States. Scientia Horticulturae, 179: 314–320.
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